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Overview of MCAT Test Preparation
What is MCAT Test ?
The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) is a standardized exam designed to evaluate the skills and knowledge essential for success in medical school. Developed and administered by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the MCAT is a key requirement for applicants to medical programs in the United States, Canada, and several other countries. It serves as a critical tool for admissions committees to measure a candidate’s academic readiness and ability to handle the demands of medical education.
Who should take the MCAT exam and why is it important?
The MCAT is intended for students who plan to apply to medical schools, particularly in the United States, Canada, and a few other countries. It is typically taken by undergraduate students pursuing a career in medicine, usually before or during their final year of college. The exam is a key requirement for admission into MD, DO, and some combined medical degree programs.
Sections and Timing on the MCAT Exam
The MCAT is divided into four timed sections that assess a student’s ability to apply foundational knowledge to complex, passage-based questions. Three of the sections are science-focused, while one—Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (CARS)—tests reading and reasoning skills based on humanities and social science texts.
| Section | Number of Questions | Time Allotted | Content Focus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems | 59 | 95 minutes | Biology, Biochemistry, Organic & General Chemistry |
| Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems | 59 | 95 minutes | General Chemistry, Physics, Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry |
| Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior | 59 | 95 minutes | Psychology, Sociology, Biology |
| Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (CARS) | 53 | 90 minutes | Humanities and Social Sciences (non-science) |
The science sections test your ability to interpret scientific data and apply biological, chemical, and psychological principles in research-based scenarios. The CARS section, on the other hand, focuses on comprehension and critical thinking, using passages drawn from fields such as literature, philosophy, history, and political science.
Biological and Biochemical Foundations: Key Themes and Categories
Foundation 1: Biomolecules – Essential to Life’s Machinery
Biomolecules are critical to the structure and function of cells. Their distinct chemical properties enable vital processes that sustain life, such as building cellular structures, transmitting information, and driving metabolic reactions.
Key Content Areas:
1A: How proteins and amino acids are structured and how they function.
1B: How genetic instructions are passed from DNA to proteins.
1C: How genetic traits are inherited across generations and how diversity is introduced.
1D: The principles behind how cells generate and use energy from molecules.
Foundation 2: Cells – The Operational Units of Living Organisms
Cells serve as the functional building blocks of life. They interact with molecules and other cells to perform complex biological activities that support the survival and growth of organisms.
Key Content Areas:
2A: The organization and interaction of molecules and cells in single and multicellular organisms.
2B: The biological makeup and behavior of prokaryotic organisms and viruses.
2C: How cells divide, specialize, and take on specific roles in the body.
Foundation 3: Organ Systems – Maintaining Balance and Coordination
Organ systems integrate groups of tissues and organs to help organisms respond to their environment and maintain internal stability. These systems collaborate to support everything from movement to immunity and reproduction.
Key Content Areas:
3A: How the nervous and endocrine systems function and regulate other systems.
3B: The structure and combined functions of major systems such as the respiratory, circulatory, immune, digestive, and reproductive systems.
Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems
Foundation 4: Physical Processes
AAMC Description: “Complex living organisms transport materials, sense their environment, process signals, and respond to changes using processes understood in terms of physical principles.”
Key Content Areas:
4A: Translational motion, forces, work, energy, and equilibrium in living systems.
4B: Importance of fluids for the circulation of blood, gas movement, and gas exchange
4C: How light and sound interact with matter.
4D: Electrochemistry and electrical circuits and their elements.
4E: Atoms, nuclear decay, electronic structure, and atomic chemical behavior
Foundation 5: Chemical Processes
AAMC Description: “The principles that govern chemical interactions and reactions form the basis for a broader understanding of the molecular dynamics of living systems.”
Key Content Areas:
5A: Unique nature of water and its solutions.
5B: Nature of molecules and intermolecular interactions.
5C: Separation and purification methods.
5D: Structure, function, and reactivity of biologically relevant molecules.
5E: Principles of chemical thermodynamics and kinetics.
Psychological, social, and biology foundations (of behavior) and their content categories
Foundation 6:
"Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors influence the ways that individuals perceive, think about, and react to the world."
Key Content Areas:
6A: Sensing the environment.
6B: Making sense of the environment.
6C: Responding to the world.
Foundation 7:
"Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors influence behavior and behavior change."
Key Content Areas:
7A: Individual influences on behavior.
7B: Social processes that influence human behavior.
7C: Attitude and behavior change.
Foundation 8:
Psychological, sociocultural, and biological factors influence the way we think about ourselves and others, as well as how we interact with others.
Key Content Areas:
8A: Social thinking
8B: Self Identity
8C: Social Intraction
Foundation 9
"Cultural and social differences influence well-being."
Key Content Areas:
9A: Understanding social structure.
9B: Demographic characteristics and processes.
Foundation 10:
"Social stratification and access to resources influence well-being."
Key Content Areas:
10A: Social inequality.
How is the MCAT Exam Scored?
The MCAT exam provides five scores in total—one for each of the four individual sections, and one combined total score.
Section Score: Each of the four sections is scored on a scale ranging from 118 to 132. You will receive a separate score for each section.
Total Score:Your total MCAT score is the sum of all four section scores, and it ranges from 472 to 528.
On MCAT test day, you will spend approximately
6 hours and 15 minutes answering questions.
With optional breaks included, the total time can extend up to
7 hours and 30 minutes.
Note: This does not include your check-in time, so arriving early and prepared is important.
| MCAT Section | Time |
|---|---|
| Test Day Certification | 4 minutes |
| Tutorial (Optional) | 10 minutes |
| Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems | 95 minutes |
| Break (Optional) | 10 minutes |
| Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills | 90 minutes |
| Mid-Exam Break (Optional) | 30 minutes |
| Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems | 95 minutes |
| Break (Optional) | 10 minutes |
| Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior | 95 minutes |
| Void Question | 3 minutes |
| Survey (Optional) | 5 minutes |
| Total Content Time | 6 hours, 15 minutes |
| Total Seated Time | Approximately 7 hours, 30 minutes |
MCAT Sections Overview
| Section | Total Questions | Time (minutes) | Score Range | Key Subjects Covered |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems (Chem/Phys) | 44 passage-based + 15 discrete = 59 | 95 | 118–132 |
General Chemistry (30%) Physics (25%) Biochemistry (25%) Organic Chemistry (15%) Biology (5%) Calculator not allowed; periodic table provided. |
| Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (CARS) | 53 (all passage-based) | 90 | 118–132 |
No prior content knowledge tested. Focuses on critical reading, argument analysis, assumptions, inferences. |
| Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems (Bio/Biochem) | 44 passage-based + 15 discrete = 59 | 95 | 118–132 |
Biology (65%) Biochemistry (25%) General Chemistry (5%) Organic Chemistry (5%) Knowledge of cells, energy use, organ systems, and molecular functions required. |
| Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior (Psych/Soc) | 44 passage-based + 15 discrete = 59 | 95 | 118–132 |
Psychology (65%) Sociology (30%) Biology (5%) Emphasizes behavior, cultural/social factors, mental processes, and research methods. |
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